Gwaltney



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1 yew 6. fiwaliiwy- 05059550 2/ 4 Claw July 22, 1952 E. c. GWALTNEYDEVICE AND PROCESS FOP. TWISTING AND SPINNING Original Filed Jan. 29,1947 14 Sheets-Sheet 14 Reisaued July 22, 1952 DEVICE AN D PROCESS FORTWISTING AND SPINNIN Eugene C. Gwaltney, deceased, late oi Biddei'ordPool, Boston, Mass.

Maine, by Saco-Lowell Shops, assignee,

Original No. 2,473,520, dated June 21, 19 49, Serial No. 724,987,January 29, 1947. Application for reissue February 21, 1952, Serial No.272,742

30 Claims. (CI. 57-75) Matter enclosed in heavy brackets appears in theoriginal patent but forms no part of this reissue specification; matterprinted in italics indicates the additions made by reissue.

This invention relates to device and process for twisting and spinning,in which a thread under tension is twisted by being given a circularmotion of several thousand revolutions a minute, between an apex and agenerator of a figure of revolution such as a flier, cap or traveler.

It is well known in the art and long accepted as inevitable that boththe commercial construction and the operating speed of usual twisting orspinning machines are closely dependent upon the particular thread to behandled. It is selfevident that it would be much cheaper andgenerallymore satisfactory for a manufacturer of textile machinery to be able tomake all of its machinery of a given type identical in construction, andit would be even more advantageous for textile mills to have a singleconstruction of machine that could operate economically and at the samespeed upon all counts of thread. Nevertheless, this desirable conditionseems impossible with the torms of machines heretofore developed. Forinstance, the assignee of this invention has long found it to becommercially necessary to make its ring spinning machines intended for20's cotton with one gauge, those intended for 30s cotton with anothergauge, and those intended for 40's cotton with still another gauge. Agreat variety of speeds of operation, sizes of bobbins and sizes ofspinning rings are involved in spinning threads of various countsbecause on conventional machinery different counts are subject todifferent limitations as to the conditions of spinning. Thus there haveevolved many specialized designs of spinning units, each adapted for aparticular count or narrow range counts. Typical values for the ringdiameter and maximum traverse which are followed in practice in the useof conventional machinery in spinning cotton warp yarn with a 4.5 twistmultiplier are tabulated below. These values arise in part fromnecessity for minimizing breakage of the yarn and in part from necessityfor avoiding excessive wear upon the traveler.

The applicant's assignee has recently revised its published tables whichshow typical values 2 for ring diameter and traverse in conventionalring spinning, so as to show the somewhat larger values for ringdiameter and traverse that are tabulated below, these being hereaccompanied by a typical resulting weight of yarn on the bobbin.

R1 Di Vi eight 0! ng am- T am on Count eter mverse War Wound In InchesIndus Bo bin in Ounces The values given in the above tables are exceededin some practices. and also, under favorable conditions in theapplicants assignees present recommendations for new installations ofconventional spinning, particularly as to counts in the region of 20'sand coarser.

Certain commercial practices that have exceeded the above values are asfollows: spinning 30's yarn, from staple fibers, using 2% inch rings and9% inch traverse, producing 5 ounces of such yarn on the package;spinning 13's yarn, using 3 inch rings and 9 inch traverse (that is, thering diameter and traverse given above for 6's); spinning 20's yarn,using 2 /2 inch rings and 9 inch traverse. producing 7.33 ounces of yarnon a package; spinning 7's, 8s and 10s using 3% inch rings and 9 inchtraverse, with an estimated weight or yarn on the package of about 12 or13 ounces.

Thus in the medium and finer counts of yarn, which constitute thegreatest volume of spun yarn, the package size is conventionally notover about 7 ounces, and usually less. Larger packages are produced whencoarse yarn such as 6's is spun, but here relatively low spindle speedsare ordinarily employed-greatly below the range of speeds employed withthe medium and finer counts. Increase in both the size of packages andthe spindle speed would be desirable in the case of coarse yarns. Greatincrease in the size of packages or medium and finer counts would benecessary in order to produce a machine which could economically be usedfor the whole range of counts from 6s to 's.

An important general object of the invention is to increase theeffectiveness of twisting operations, particularly by overcomingprevious limitations upon such factors as speed, size of thread packageand suitability for various counts of thread, all with the result ofproviding for eifioiently handling a wide variety oi material on asingle construction oi machine. and so reducing the need for a varietyoi different and special constructions of machines.

A related general object is to increase materially the size of thepackage, and so reduce materially the cost of initial production theyarn and or later treatment and use 01' the yarn. The larger thepackage, the less the number or bobbins used and the lea the number 01'bobbin doifing operations required in spinning a .given quantity ofyarn. Similarly. the larger the package, the less the number of bobbinsthat must be handled. and the less the number of knots that must be tiedin later operations such as rewinding.

The invention not only aims to avoid previous' limitations on the sizeof the spinning package, but also to produce a more nearly equal tensionand less thread breakage, in the spinning of packages of increased size.than hm previously been possible in the spinning of conventionalpackages.

Eflorts to increase the size of packages in conventional machines are inlarge measure blocked by the fact that in these conventional machinesthe travelers would quickly wear out it they were run in excess ofcustomary linear speed. Thus. it a traveler on a two inch ringis runningnear its permissible maximum linear speed (generally deemed it be about5000 feet per minute for that size ring) it would be ordinarilydisadvantageous to change the ring size to 3 inches and maintain thesame spindle speed, because under the changed conditions the linearspeed of the traveler would be one-halt greater, would greatly each suchneck. the maximum diameter of the figureoi revolution is apparently heldin check -by the conditions therein which accompany the production ofsuch self-induced neck. The production oi these necks is described inthe book "Studies of Quality in Cotton by W. Lawrence Balls, publishedby Macmillan & Co. Limited, in London, 1928, from page 108 to page 107inclusive. and at pages 1'13 and 182.

Such naturally necked form has not gone into any extensive use. A numberof dimcult complications are encountered in employment of such naturallynecked figure oi revolution.

The diameter or a self-induced neck is always substantially smaller thanthe pathv of a generator such as a traveler that defines the base 01'the figure of revolution, and a self-induced neck extends through asubstantial heightand is exteriorly concave (inwardly convex) so thatthe mere presence of this neck is a distinct limitation upon the sizeand shape of any thread package that is to be located wholly or partlywithin the figure of revolution of the. thread. It the machine, as isusual in ring spinning machines, were intended to have clearance betweenthe bobbin and the thread approaching the traveler, the

exceed the permissible maximum linear speed and the traveler wouldquickly wear out.

Moreover, inevitable variation in the tension limits the size of thepackage, particularly its height, in conventional machines. As aconventional balloon is lengthened and shortened in traversing the yarnupon the package. the tension upon the spinning yarn is increased by theincrease in the air drag when the balloon is lengthened and decreased bythe decrease in air drag when the balloon is shortened. Accordingly. itthe balloon is equipped with the proper weight 01' traveler for itsshorter length, the'traveler will be too heavy for the yarn when thebalshape of this figure of revolution would constitute a limitation asto both height and ultimate diameter of the bobbin.

A naturally necked figure of revolution is essentially unstable. Thelevels at which such necks occur are functions 01' several factors whichinclude not only tension and resistance 01 the thread to movementthrough the air. but also the speed of revolution of the thread and theheight of the figure of revolution. Normally. variations in any of thesefactors tend to alter the position and eventually the number of the neckor necks.

Ii a traversing ring-rail is employed, rise and fall of the traversingring-rail continually changes the level 01. the neck or necks in a nat-'urally necked figure of revolution, and unless loon is lengthenedbeyond a certain length. or it the balloon is equipped with the properweight of traveler for its longest length, then the traveler will be toolight when the balloon is shortened by more than a certain amount. Thus,the permissible height of traverse and hence the-height oi the spinningpackage is limited to a distance in which the traveler can adequatelytake care of both the longest and shortest balloon. As indicated above,this results in a maximum length of traverse of not more than about 7 /2inches for some or the finer counts. and actually, in practice, many ofthe finer counts are spun with a traverse as short as 5 or 6 inches.

It is possible to construct mechanism for twist ing a given material inwhich the figure oi revolution assumed by the thread can be madeselflimiting as to diameter. In this form the figure oi'revolutionacquires and itself tends to maintain one or more exteriorly concavereduceddiameter necks between the guide eye and a spinning ring thatestablishes the base of the figure of revolution of the thread andalthough the rotating thread bulges outwardly above and below suchtraverse is restricted to a relatively short length, not only the levelbut also the number of self-induced necks is changed during traversingof the ring-rail. This constitutes a further limitation upon the spaceavailable for a thread package within a' naturally necked figure orrevolution in the case of a machine of the traversing ring-rail type.

Changes in the level andnumber of self-induced necks are also caused byvariation in tension in the thread as the winding package builds up,thus still further tending to reduce the space available for the threadpackage within the figure oi revolution, unless on the other hand thethread package is kept so small that variation in tension is very slightduring the building up of the package.

' When a heavier or lighter portion of thread enters the figure ofrevolution. as happens with great frequency in spinning cotton, anynaturally induced neck or necks in the figure of revolution can beobserved to shift up or down and the shapes of the portions above andbelow such neck can be observed to change.

Any of the above-described alterations in level of a naturally inducedneck or alterations in number of naturally induced necks are apt to beaccompanied by marked change in the path of the thread adjacent to thegenerator, for instance, a traveler, at the base of the figure ofrevolution, whereas it is desirable on the other hand to maintain such apath approximately constant.

Changes in the path of the thread are'particu- I sauce larly marked incase the number of naturally induced necks increases or decreases,because during such change in number of necks there is a rapid snappingof a portion of revolving thread back and forth between an outwardlyconcave outline and an outwardly convex outline.

Ring spinning machines have rings and travelers that are designed toaccommodate thread going to the traveler in a particular path. andcomplications: such as rapid wear of the traveler, or undue tension orbreakage of the thread, are liable to ensue if the thread runs to thetraveler in a markedly difierent path from that which the ring andtraveler normally accommodate.

The instability of the naturally-necked figure or revolution isparticularly objectionable when it is attempted to employ this figure inthe spinning of carded cotton yarn, more especially the medium or coarsecounts. The instability of the figure is increased by the inevitablecontinual variation in diameter of such yarn, amounting to three or fourhundred percent. This same variation of diameter in carded yarn makesthe yarn particularly subject to breakage when a momentarily hightension in the unstable figure of revolution reacts upon a thin place inthe yarn. In fact, many of my attempts to spin medium and coarse countsof carded yarn by the use of a naturally necked figure oi revolutionhave resulted in breakage of the thread before the shape of the figureof revolution could be properly observed.

Various objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent fromthis specification and its drawings wherein the invention is explainedby way of example by the illustration and description of its applicationto ring spinning.

The present invention involves the discovery that if conventional ringspinning practice for a given count of thread be altered merely byincreasing the length of the figure of revolution so as to create anaturally-necked figure of revolution instead of the'usual balloon, thesize of the package cannot satisfactorily be materially enlarged. butthat if in addition to such lengthening, the extent of outward concavityof the outline of the resulting figure be reduced by the application ofinwardly directed stabilizing force, at a plurality of levelssimultaneously, as by contact with [an] encircling [element or] elementssuch as [a ring or] rings, then the package can be very substantiallyenlarged both in diameter and in height. Such enlargement in diameterinvolves corresponding enlargement of path of the traveler but nodeparture from its conventional manner of threading with the usual openbend of the thread, and permits a substantial increase in its speedbeyond usual conventional limits of traveler speed.

The concavity-reducing effect of the inwardly directed stabilizing forcedoes not appear necessarily to require any great amount of reduction incross section of the figure of revolution at the place of application[because in many instances sufilcient concavity-reducing eifect can besecured if an encircling ring makes contact with the figure ofrevolution]. On the other hand, an appreciable degree of localcompression of the figure of revolution will usually be employed inorder that the inwardly directed force may he certainly applied to thesamewhat unstable figure of revolution without the necessity fgr muchaccuracy in positioning and proportioning the constricting means. Insome cases the cross section of the figure of revolution may besubstantially decreased at the place of application of the inwardly'directed force for the purpose of increasing the extent to which themodified figure of revolution is caused to bow outwardly between thelevel of application of this force and the generator of the figure ofrevolution. 7

One advantage of the natural necked figure of revolution is that eachnaturally enlarged or bulging portion of the figure appears to exercisea restraint upon the size of the other enlarged or bulging portion orportions of the figure, and it is desired to preserve in the modifiedfigure of revolution this advantage of the natural necked figure ofrevolution. Accordingly. the means such as a ring employed to apply theinwardly directed force to the figure of revolution at any given placeis preferably arranged so as to leave the figure of revolution oftwisting threads free to partake of circular motion and bulgeoutwardlyin the region between such ring and the apex of the figure of revolutionand thus aid in the control of the portion of the figure between suchring and the generator.

[The initial formation of a necked figure of revolution depends upon theresultant of several factors. Increase in height of the figure ofrevolution. increase in angular velocity. and increase in linear massdensity of the thread all tend toward establishment of the first naturalneck or toward increase in the number of natural necks. In-' crease inthe tension of the thread tends to reduce the number of necks oreliminate them altogether. A natural freely rotating necked figure ofrevolution is a delicately balanced system, the shape of each portionbeing dependent upon the shape of every other portion, and the wholefigure is probably in a condition of equilibrium in which the potentialenergy of the system is at a minimum for the conditions .under which thethread momentarily is rotating. This equilibrium is extremely unstabledue to these conditions changing] An exact explanation of the theory ofaction of the inwardly directed force in reducing exterior concavity isnot known. In any event, it is readily observable that the rotating andcircularly moving thread reacts to an inward force both by resistingthis force and also by shifting from an exteriorly concave outline to anoutwardly convex outline. particularly and in the first instance in theregion below the level of application of the inward force.

In the drawings:

Figs. 1A to SE, inclusive, are diagrams representing an eifort to employa naturally necked figure of revolution of thread by increasing. beyondconventional practice, the distance between a spinning ring and an apexfor the spinning thread, these several views representing successivestages in the building of the spinning package.

Figs. 4A to 6E, inclusive. are diagrams corresponding to the respectivestages of Figs. 1A to 3E, and show the figure of revolution as alteredby use of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a front elevation,-on a smaller scale than the diagrams, andshows a portion of a ring spinning machine for carrying on the operationof Figs. 4A to BE, only one of the many spinning units of the machinebeing shown.

Figs. 8A-to 10C, inclusive, are diagrams showing the practice of theinvention with a wide range of counts of thread. Figs. 8A to 8Gillustrating the spinning of No. 6's thread, Figs. 9A to illustratingthe spinning of No. 30's thread, and Figs. 10A to 10C illustrating thespinning of No. 60's thread.

Figs. 11A to are diagrams similar to Figs.

7. 8Ato 8C, illustrating the spinning of No. a thread with a modifiedadjustment of apparatus.

In Figs. 8A to 110 the size of the yarn packa e is very much larger thanpreviously deemed practical for medium and fine counts and the spindlespeed is very much higher than previously deemed practical for coarsecounts.

Figs. 12A to 12C inclusive are diagram representing an eflort to employa naturally necked figure of revolution of. No. 20's thread with aconsiderably larger spinning ring and a considerably taller bobbin thanthe figure of revolution of Figs. 1A to 3E. K

[Figs 13A to 13C inclusive are diagrams showing alteration of the figureoi revolution of Figs. 12A to 120 by means of a ring.]

[Figs 14A to 14C inclusive are diagrams'showing alteration of the figureof revolution of Figs.

-13.\ to 130 by means of a further ring; and] Fias. 13A to 13C inclusiveare diagrams showing a modification of the natural figure o! revolutionof Figs. 12A to 120 by two rings, one of small diameter and the other ofrelatively large diameter; and v Figs. [A to 1561 14A to 14C inclusiveare diagrams showing an apparatus and operation similar to those oiFigs. [14A to 14C] 134 to 136 but employing additional rings.

In each of the diagrams shown in the drawings, the level of the spindlerail is indicated at 53 and horizontal lines show various levels abovethis,

up to and including the level of the apex of the figure of revolution ofthe thread. The heights of these levels, expressed in-inches, are givenin figures at the left of each sheet oi these diagrams.

Thus the dimensions of the particular constructions shown can be readfrom the drawings.

in the operation represented diagrammatically by Figs. lAto 3E. Thefigure of revolution was quite unstable and although its outline isshown diagrammatically by lines in these drawings, in reality the figureof revolution was rapidly fiuctuating in outline, particularly at thestages represented by Figs. 1A, 1B and 3A to 31:. inclusive.

only one neck while the figure of revolution 0! Fig. 1A has two necks.

Figs. 3A to 3E inclusive show a variation between one and three necksduring winding on the full bobbin. Figs. 3E and 3D each show a singleneck. Figs. 3C and 33 each show a second slight neck. Fig. 3A shows twoadditional slight necks.

making three in all.

These diagrams as they appear in the original Patent Office drawings,are one-third size.

Figs. 1A to 3E inclusive are diagrams representing an 'eilort to employa naturally-necked figure of revolution in the spinning of 20s yarn(which is generally considered to be the coarsest of the outlines of thefigure of revolution and the mo-- mentary location of control rings withthe corresponding momentary. position of the spinning ring and stage ofwinding.

The ring rail was traversed to produce the usual warp wind. Thus Figs.1A to 1F inclusive show. six different levels G1 of the spinning ringduring the stage in which the bobbin B is substantially empty. Figs. 2Ato 2F inclusive show six different levels Gn of the spinning ring duringthe halffull bobbin stage. Figs. 3A to 3E inclusive show five differentlevels Gm of the spinning ring during the full bobbin stage.

In each of Figs. 1A to 3E, the curves N1, N11. or Nm indicate one sideof the outline of the natural figure oi revolution correspondingrespectively to the level Gr, Gu, or Gm of the spinning ring andtraveler diagrammatically indicated in that figure.

It was determined experimentally that a No. 5-0 traveler was best suitedto running of the apparatus under the foregoing conditions representedby Figs. 1A to 3E inclusive, and this traveler was accordingly used.

Generally unsatisfactory results were secured It is evident thatinsuiflcient clearance is provided between the fluctuating figure ofrevolution and the winding package, especially in Figs. 2A. 3A and 3B.Frequent break-down oi the thread occurred while the observations 0!Figs. 1A to BE were being made due to rapid changes in tension in theunstable figure of revolution and also actual contact oi the figure o!revolution with the winding package.

It might have been possible to improve this condition somewhat byshortening the traverse, say i /2 inches from the bottom, since this insheet would have eliminated the positions of Figs. 1A. 2A, 23, 3A and3B. This would, however, have directly reduced the size of the package.In addition, it the traverse were so shortened, and anotherdiilerentcount or yarn was spun, particularly unstable conditions andparticularly poor clearances would have been likely to occur at otherdifierent levels or stages from those in which they occurred in Figs. 1Ato 3B, and so not be avoided by this possible shortening of thetraverse.

Finally, Figs. 1A to 3E show undesirable abrupt changes of angle ofapproach oi-the thread to the traveler. This is most noticeable incomparing the outlines oi the figures of revolution 01' Figs. 2C and 2D.A condition such as this is deemed undesirable as harmi'ully affectingthe life of the traveler.

Figs. 4A to 4F, 5A to 5F, 6A to 6E, which correspond, respectively, toFigs. 1A to 1F, 2A to 2F and 3am 3E, and which employ the same spindlespeed, sue of spinning ring, count of thread and weight of traveler;show provisions whereby the figures of revolution of Figs. 1A to 3E aremodified and stabilized. As indicated above, this modification andstabilization preferably involve use of a ring to applyinwardly-directed force to the figure oi revolution.

A ring arranged to constrict the naturally necked figure of revolutionbetween the base and the apex performs the function of suppressingformation of a naturally. induced neck in a portion of the figureextending down from the ri toward the base 01' the figure.

The largest diameter portion of the uppermost enlargement of the figureof revolution varies from about the 22 inch level of Fig. 1A to aboutthe 24 inch level of Fig. 3A, and the neck next below this variessomewhat similarly from about the 17 inch level 01' Fig. 1A to about the20 inch level of Fig. 3A. Quite possibly, greater variation in theselevels occurred momentarily as the figure fluctuated. Application of anencircling ring H,

Figs. 4A to SE, to the figure of revolution prevents this naturallyinduced neck from forming within a zone of substantial height next belowthis ring. In a sense the ring may be regarded as acting to displacedownwardly, away from the apex, a region of potential neck formation. Aring sufllciently near to the base of the figure would preclude theformation ofa natural neck between the ring and the base. As employed inFigs. 4A to BE, the ring II is located above a naturally concave portionof the figure of revolution which it is desired to stabilize in anexteriorly convex outline, and at least 'no higher than the generalregion of the uppermost enlargement of the figure of revolution.

In the embodiment of Figs. 4Ato SE, a plurality of rings are employed.Ring H, as indicated, precludes natural neck formation through asubstantial distance below it. A further ring 10, acting in the regionin which natural neck formation is precluded by ring 1|, in turnprecludes natural neck formation through a substantial distance belowsuch further ring 10. A final ring 35, acting in the region in whichnatural neck formation is precluded by ring 10, in turn precludesnatural neck formation through the region extending from such final ring35 to the base of the figure of revolution.

As indicated in Figs. 4A to 6E, the figure of revolution between ring 35and the traveler is stabilized in an outwardly convex but relativelyfiat outline which adequately clears the spinning package.

Although Figs. 4A to 6E involve the successive actions and cooperationof a series of rings in suppressing all natural neck-formationthroughout the height of the figure of revolution, in the broaderaspects of the invention it is not essential to Suppress natural neckformation either at all times during the building of the package or inall parts of the figure of revolution at a given time. [For instance, aring 35 acting to suppress natural neck formation between itself and thebase of the figure may be sufiicient for some purposes] Certainadvantages [,however,] may be secured by suppressing all natural neckformation as in Figs. 4A to SE, among which. advantages there is theadvantage of preventing any portion of the figure from changing itsoutline from outwardly concave to outwardly convex and vice versa, 1.e., snapping in and out during the changing conditions encountered asthe spinning progresses.

As indicated above and as shown in Figs. 1A to 3E, natural necks wouldoccur [in] at varying levels even for a given count of thread andfurther variation would result if a different count were spun. Thesuccessive actions of a plurality of rings are helpful here in insuringthat at the level of a given ring, for instance ring 35, the diameter ofthe figure of revolution is not smaller than the diameter of this ring.Thus, for example ring 10 may be regarded not only as suppressingnatural neck formation in a zone below it, but also as causing thefigure of revolution at ring 35 to be large enough to run in contactwith and be acted on by ring 35.

It will be understood that the pattern of natural neck formation variesnot only with the count of thread but also with the speed and tensionunder which the spinning is conducted. The several rings ll, HI and 35,Figs. 4A to 7, are

'rails l2 and 13 present in somewhat greater number than might benecessary if only some one count of thread were to be spun under someone set of conditions as to tension and speed. Thus. it is quitepossigie, for some particular count and some parti ular set of operatingconditions, that rings ll an H, for example, might satisfactorily bereplaced by a'single ring.

Fig. 7 shows on a smaller scale than Figs. 4A to SE a single spindle ofthe spinning frame and ,mechanism for raising and lowering the ring railand the several rings 1|, III, 35, in synchronism. One of the manyspinning rings of the machine is shown as mounted on the usualtraversing ring rail SI, and a bobbin B is shown as mounted on asuitable spindle within the spinning ring 50 and driven by conventionalspindle-driving means indicated generally at 52 mounted on a stationaryspindle rail 53. The ring 50 of Fig. 7, its stroke and progression oftraverse by means of the ring rail 5|, the distance from the spindlerail to the nip of the front top and bottom rollers El andof thespinning machine, and the dimensions and speed of the bobbin B are allthe same as those 01' Figs. 1A to SE, inclusive.

A longitudinally reciprocating bar 55 is onperated by a usual form ofbuilder motion mechanism; A suitable connection between thereciprocatingbar 55 and the ring rail 5| may for example include a bellcrank 58 pivotally mounted on the frame of the machine at 53 and havingits upper arm connected to be moved by the reciprocating bar 56, andprovided on its lower arm with a roller Bl) engageable with a tappet litat the bottom of a lifter rod 52 which is connected to the ring rail 5|.The connection between the bell crank arm 58 and reciprocating bar 55may for instance be such that the reciprocating bar moves the bell crankin a counterclockwise direction, and the usual adjustable balance weightmay be employed to cause the return movement of the bell crank 58 andlitter rod 82.

The final means for applying inwardly directed force, namely, the ring35, is preferably mounted upon a rail 55 which is vertically movable bya lifter rod 55 on the lower end of which a tappet 65A is engageable bya. roller 51 rotatably mounted on the bell crank lever 55 between theroller 60 which actuates the ring rail 5| and the pivot 59 of the bellcrank lever. Accordingly, the rail and the ring 35 move generally inaccordance with the motion of the ring rail 5| but only a fraction ofthe distance moved by the ring rail, for example, about 35%.

The preliminary means for applying inwardly directed force, namely, thetwo additional rings HI and II are preferably mounted respectively onwhich are vertically movable by a lifter rod 15 on the lower end ofwhich a tappet i6 is engageable by a roller 11 rotatably mounted on thebell crank 58 between the roller 81 and the pivot 59. Accordingly, therails 12 and I3 and the additional rings Ill and H move generally inaccordance with the motion of the final ring 35 but only a fraction ofthe distance moved by ring 35, for example about 45 The device of Figs.4A to 7 is especially constructed with a view to utilizing the circularmotion of the thread as a substitute for travelerinduced tension and formost effective use of the I portion of the figure of revolution abovethe ring the spinning ring 50 has a diameter of 2 /4 inches.

as shown, the ring 35 preferably has an internal diameter of 1% inches,the ring preferably has an internal diameter of 1% inches, and the ringII preferably has an internal diameter of 1 inch.

The substantial diameter of ring 85 also aids in defining a shape of thelower part of the figure of revolution which adapts this part adequatelyto clear the spinning package.

It will be evident that the example of the in-' vention of Figs. 4A toSE accomplishes-the successful modification of a naturally necked figureof revolution to permit it to operate under conditions under which itcould not successfully operate in its natural state of Figs. 1A to 3E.Moreover, as indicated above, the operation of Figs. 4A to 6Esuccessfully employed in the spinning of 's yarn a 2 inch spinning ring,which is as large as many rings that are usually employed in spinning20's yarn, and a spindle speed of 9,600 R. P. M., which is faster thanspindle speeds usually employed in machines having 2% inch spinningrings. A material increase in size of yarn package is produced by theuse oi the apparatus of Figs. 4A to SE in the spinning of fine counts.

The apparatus of Figs. 4A to SE can be operated at faster spindle speedsthan 9,600 R. P. M., and this was experimentally done at 12,500 R. P.M., and at 14,000 R. P. M. using various counts of yarn and travelersappropriate thereto.

Further embodiments of the invention will show how the invention enablesboth the ring diameter and length of traverse to be very materiallyincreased, particularly above the limits of ring diameter and length oftraverse previously applicable to the medium and finer counts, and willshow how a wide range of counts can be spun onto a very large package.

Figs. 8A to 10C inclusive show use of the invention in connection with atraversing motion of the ring rail II which produces the so-calledcombination wind, although the invention can be employed when thetraversing motion is such as to produce a filling wind, a warp wind (asin Figs.

4A to SE), an inverted warp wind or various other patterns of winding.The machine can have lifting and lowering mechanism similar to that ofFig. 7, the mechanism, not shown, which reclprocates the rod 58 having amotion such as to traverse the ring rail II for combination wind,

and the other rails 66, I2 and II moving proportionately and insynchronism with the ring rail in a manner generally similar to Figs. 4Ato (SE. In winding a bobbin with a combination wind, the ring rail has atraversing stroke having a length equal to a large proportion of thelength of the thread mass ultimately to be wound, for instance abouttwo-thirds, three-fourths or fourflfths. With the bobbin empty, the ringrail starts at a position near the bottom of the bobbin and takessuccessive strokes up and down a large portion of the length of thebobbin. Simultaneto the level Gm of Fig. at the finish oi winding. Figs.8A. 8B and 80 show respectively three bottom levels, three mid levels.and three top levels of the stroke of the traversing spinning ring ll. 1

In each of Figs. 8A to 10C inclusive, the curves Mr, Mn and Mm eachindicate a side of the outline of the modified and stabilized figure ofrevolution corresponding respectively to the levels Gr, Gu and Gm of thespinning ring. To prevent confusion between the several curves, curvesMr and Mm (for the empty bobbin stage and the full bobbin stage) areplaced on the left and show the left side of the figure of revolution,and curves Mn (for the half-full bobbin stage) are placed on the rightand show the right side of the figure of revolution.

Figs. 8A, and 8B and 8C diagrammatically show the outlines of modifiedand stabilized figures of revolution of 6's cotton produced by thisinvention, employing a No. 10 traveler (weight 2.6 grains).

Figs. 9A, 9B and 9C are similar to Figs. 8A, 8B and 8C, anddiagrammatically show the outlines of modified and stabilized figures ofrevolution of 30's cotton produced by this invention. employing a No.13-0 traveler (weight 0.4 grain).

Figs. 10A, 10B and 10C are similar to Figs. 8A, 8B and 8C anddiagrammatically show the outlines of modified and stabilized figures ofrevolution of 60's cotton produced by this invention, employing a No.18-0 traveler (weight 0.275 grain).

In the interests of standardizing the equipment to be used for a widerange of counts in the operations of Figs. 8A to 100, a spindle speed of9,000 R. P. M. was employed. This speed is less than the maximum thatcould be employed but was selected in order that the power cost ofrotating the very large wound packages would be sufllciently small andwould not significantly oiI- set the saving which accrues through theproduction of such large packages. This speed of 9,000 R. P. M. issomewhat less than some speeds conventionally employed in spinningmedium and fine counts (onto much smaller packages than produced inFigs. 8A to 10C) However this speed of 9,000 R. P. M. is very materiallygreater than speeds conventionally employed in spinning the coarsestcounts such as 6's. Thus, though selected from the standpoint ofstandardization and the standpoint of economy of power, this speed of-9,000 R. P. M. represents a very desirable increase in speed of spinningsuch coarse counts as 6's.

The spinning ring used in Figs. 8A to has a diameter of 3 inches whichis very much larger than the diameter of rings conventionally used forany but the coarsest counts. At the spindle speed of 9,000 R. P. M.employed, the traveler speed was approximately 7,068 feet per minute.Conventional tables showing traveler speeds for various spinning ringdiameters and spindle speeds do not give any figure for traveler speedcorresponding to a three inch ring and a spindle speed of 0,000 R. P.M., nor do they suggest any possibility of use of a traveler speed ashigh as 7,000 feet per minute or even 6,500 feet per minute for anycombination of ring diameter and spindle speed.

Figs. 8A, 8B and 80 show how, for a given count, the angle of approachof the spinning thread to the traveler was maintained fairly constantthroughout the spinning of the'whole package, avoiding any abruptvariation in this angle. This result is advantageous in promoting longerlife of the travelers. Figs. 9A, 9B and 9C

